Edge computing has revolutionized how we deploy web applications. By running code closer to users, we achieve faster response times and better user experiences. In 2026, the major platforms have converged on V8-based runtimes while differentiating on features and integrations.

Edge Computing Architecture Edge computing runs your code at data centers closest to your users

What is Edge Computing?

Edge computing moves computation from centralized servers to locations closer to end users:

Traditional Architecture:
User (Tokyo) → Server (US-East) → Response
Latency: ~200ms

Edge Architecture:
User (Tokyo) → Edge (Tokyo) → Response
Latency: ~20ms

Why Edge Matters

Metric Traditional Edge Improvement
Latency 100-300ms 10-50ms 5-10x
Cold Start 100ms-1s <5ms 20x+
Global Performance Variable Consistent N/A

Platform Comparison

Cloudflare Workers

Best For: Maximum performance, global scale, complex edge logic

Cloudflare Workers use V8 isolates for near-instant cold starts:

// Cloudflare Worker
export default {
  async fetch(request, env, ctx) {
    const url = new URL(request.url);

    // Edge logic - runs in under 5ms cold start
    if (url.pathname === '/api/hello') {
      return new Response(JSON.stringify({
        message: 'Hello from the edge!',
        location: request.cf?.city || 'unknown',
        country: request.cf?.country || 'unknown',
      }), {
        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
      });
    }

    return fetch(request);
  },
};

Key Stats:

  • 300+ locations worldwide
  • Sub-5ms cold starts
  • 95% of world's population within ~50ms
  • Unlimited bandwidth (no overage charges)

Cloudflare Network Cloudflare's global network spans 300+ cities

Vercel Edge Functions

Best For: Next.js applications, developer experience, seamless deployment

// pages/api/geo.ts (Vercel Edge Function)
import { NextRequest } from 'next/server';

export const config = {
  runtime: 'edge',
};

export default function handler(req: NextRequest) {
  return new Response(JSON.stringify({
    city: req.geo?.city,
    country: req.geo?.country,
    region: req.geo?.region,
  }), {
    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
  });
}

Key Stats:

  • Deep Next.js integration
  • Edge Middleware for request interception
  • Edge Config for dynamic configuration
  • Generous free tier (100GB bandwidth)

Netlify Edge Functions

Best For: Deno ecosystem, simple edge transformations

// netlify/edge-functions/hello.ts
import type { Context } from "@netlify/edge-functions";

export default async (request: Request, context: Context) => {
  const geo = context.geo;

  return new Response(`Hello from ${geo.city}, ${geo.country}!`, {
    headers: { "content-type": "text/plain" },
  });
};

export const config = { path: "/hello" };

Key Stats:

  • Powered by Deno (modern runtime)
  • TypeScript native (no compilation)
  • Integrated with Netlify CMS

Performance Benchmarks

Cold Start Comparison

Cold Start Times (P50):
├── Cloudflare Workers:    &lt;1ms
├── Vercel Edge Functions: ~5ms
├── Netlify Edge:          ~10ms
├── AWS Lambda@Edge:       ~100ms
└── Traditional Lambda:    ~200-500ms

Global Latency

Platform Near Region Global (P50) Global (P99)
Cloudflare 10-30ms 20-50ms 100ms
Vercel (Pro) 10-30ms 30-80ms 150ms
Vercel (Free) 10-30ms 50-150ms 250ms
Netlify 15-40ms 40-100ms 200ms

Use Cases and Patterns

1. Personalization at the Edge

// Personalize content based on user location
export default {
  async fetch(request) {
    const country = request.cf?.country || 'US';

    // Fetch region-specific content
    const content = await fetch(
      `https://api.example.com/content?region=${country}`
    );

    // Transform response
    const html = await content.text();
    const personalizedHtml = html.replace(
      '{{GREETING}}',
      getGreeting(country)
    );

    return new Response(personalizedHtml, {
      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'text/html' },
    });
  },
};

function getGreeting(country) {
  const greetings = {
    'US': 'Hello!',
    'JP': 'こんにちは！',
    'DE': 'Guten Tag!',
    'IN': 'नमस्ते!',
  };
  return greetings[country] || 'Hello!';
}

2. A/B Testing

// Vercel Edge Middleware for A/B testing
import { NextResponse } from 'next/server';
import type { NextRequest } from 'next/server';

export function middleware(request: NextRequest) {
  // Check for existing bucket
  let bucket = request.cookies.get('ab-bucket')?.value;

  if (!bucket) {
    // Randomly assign to bucket
    bucket = Math.random() < 0.5 ? 'control' : 'variant';
  }

  // Rewrite to appropriate version
  const url = request.nextUrl.clone();
  url.pathname = bucket === 'variant'
    ? `/variant${url.pathname}`
    : url.pathname;

  const response = NextResponse.rewrite(url);
  response.cookies.set('ab-bucket', bucket, { maxAge: 60 * 60 * 24 * 30 });

  return response;
}

3. Authentication at the Edge

// JWT validation at the edge
import jwt from '@tsndr/cloudflare-worker-jwt';

export default {
  async fetch(request, env) {
    const authHeader = request.headers.get('Authorization');

    if (!authHeader?.startsWith('Bearer ')) {
      return new Response('Unauthorized', { status: 401 });
    }

    const token = authHeader.substring(7);

    try {
      const isValid = await jwt.verify(token, env.JWT_SECRET);

      if (!isValid) {
        return new Response('Invalid token', { status: 401 });
      }

      // Token is valid, proceed to origin
      return fetch(request);
    } catch (error) {
      return new Response('Token verification failed', { status: 401 });
    }
  },
};

4. Image Optimization

// Dynamic image optimization at the edge
export default {
  async fetch(request, env) {
    const url = new URL(request.url);

    if (!url.pathname.startsWith('/images/')) {
      return fetch(request);
    }

    // Get image from origin
    const imageUrl = `https://origin.example.com${url.pathname}`;

    // Use Cloudflare Image Resizing
    return fetch(imageUrl, {
      cf: {
        image: {
          width: parseInt(url.searchParams.get('w') || '800'),
          quality: parseInt(url.searchParams.get('q') || '80'),
          format: 'auto', // WebP or AVIF if supported
        },
      },
    });
  },
};

Edge Image Optimization Edge computing enables real-time image optimization closest to users

Edge Ecosystem Services

Cloudflare

Cloudflare Edge Ecosystem:
├── Workers - Compute
├── KV - Key-value storage
├── D1 - SQLite database
├── R2 - Object storage (S3-compatible)
├── Durable Objects - Stateful coordination
├── Queues - Message queues
├── AI - Machine learning inference
└── Vectorize - Vector database

Vercel

Vercel Edge Ecosystem:
├── Edge Functions - Compute
├── Edge Config - Dynamic configuration
├── KV - Key-value storage
├── Postgres - Database
├── Blob - Object storage
└── AI SDK - LLM integration

Cost Comparison

Cloudflare Workers

Pricing (2026):
├── Free tier: 100,000 requests/day
├── Paid: $5/month base
│   ├── 10M requests included
│   └── $0.50 per additional 1M requests
└── Bandwidth: Unlimited (no overage!)

Vercel

Pricing (2026):
├── Free tier:
│   ├── 100GB bandwidth
│   └── 100K function invocations
├── Pro: $20/user/month
│   ├── 1TB bandwidth
│   └── 1M invocations
└── Enterprise: Custom

Cost Example

Scenario Cloudflare Vercel Pro Netlify Pro
1M requests $5 $20 $19
10M requests $5 $20 $25
100M requests $50 Custom Custom

Best Practices

1. Keep Edge Functions Lean

// Good: Simple, fast edge logic
export default {
  async fetch(request) {
    // Quick decision-making
    const path = new URL(request.url).pathname;

    if (path === '/api/health') {
      return new Response('OK');
    }

    return fetch(request);
  },
};

// Avoid: Heavy computation at edge
export default {
  async fetch(request) {
    // Don't do this at the edge
    const result = heavyComputation(data);
    return new Response(result);
  },
};

2. Use Appropriate Storage

// Use KV for read-heavy data
const value = await env.MY_KV.get('key');

// Use Durable Objects for coordination
const id = env.COUNTER.idFromName('global');
const counter = env.COUNTER.get(id);

// Use R2/Blob for large files
const object = await env.BUCKET.get('large-file.pdf');

3. Cache Strategically

// Cloudflare caching
export default {
  async fetch(request, env, ctx) {
    const cacheKey = new Request(request.url, request);
    const cache = caches.default;

    // Check cache
    let response = await cache.match(cacheKey);

    if (!response) {
      response = await fetch(request);

      // Clone and cache
      ctx.waitUntil(cache.put(cacheKey, response.clone()));
    }

    return response;
  },
};

When to Use Each Platform

Choose Cloudflare When:

  • Maximum performance is critical
  • High-traffic applications
  • Complex edge logic required
  • Cost optimization at scale
  • Using other Cloudflare services

Choose Vercel When:

  • Building with Next.js
  • Developer experience is priority
  • Need tight framework integration
  • Preview deployments are important
  • Team collaboration features needed

Choose Netlify When:

  • Using Deno/TypeScript native
  • Simpler deployment needs
  • JAMstack architecture
  • Content-focused sites

The Future: Convergence

By 2026, major platforms are converging on V8-like edge runtimes. The differentiators are:

  1. Ecosystem integration - Storage, databases, AI
  2. Developer experience - Tooling, debugging, deployment
  3. Pricing models - Free tiers, scaling costs
  4. Geographic coverage - Number and location of edges

Resources

Need help architecting an edge-first application? Contact CODERCOPS for expert guidance.

Comments